Measurement Processing Options

Description

Edit measurement processing and adjustment options.

Access

Measurements / Process / Processing Options

Controls

Adjustment Method	Description
Level	Select the method of adjustment to be used when validating or processing the measurements: None - Recompute the coordinates after editing a measurement or station coordinates. No adjustment is made to the measurement. Network - Include level observations in a network adjustment with other selected observations. Distribute Equally - Distribute the misclosure equally between change points. Distribute by Distance - Distribute the misclosure relative to the distance between the level and the change point.
Total Station and GNSS	Select the method of adjustment to be used when validating or processing the measurements: None - Recompute the coordinates after editing a measurement or station coordinates. No adjustment is made to the measurement. Network (2D) - Include measurements in a 2D network adjustment. All heights are held fixed. Target and instrument heights are not used. Network (3D) - Include measurements in a 3D network adjustment.
Traverse	Select the method of adjustment to be used when validating or processing the measurements: None - Recompute the coordinates after editing a measurement or station coordinates. No adjustment is made to the measurement. Least Squares - Perform a Least Squares Adjustment on the traverse measurements.
Network Adjustment Type	Select the method used when a network adjustment is performed. Network (Minimally Constrained) - Determine how well the measurements fit together and detect any outliers. Minimal constraints are determined automatically. Network (Constrained) - Hold known stations fixed, constrain bearings/azimuths and adjust the measurements to fit the control. At least one station and one bearing, or alternatively two stations, must be held fixed.

Solution	Description
Apply Curvature and Refraction	Adjust the measurements to account for the curvature of the earth. This is only applied to raw measurements.
Apply Sea Level Correction	Adjust the measurements to account for height above sea level. This is applied to both raw and reduced measurements.
Convergence Limit	The maximum difference permitted in the coordinate values between the previous iteration and the current iteration to obtain a successful result and for iterations to stop.
Maximum Iterations	The maximum number of iterations permitted to gain a successful result.

Centring and Targeting Errors	Description
Use Global Values	Select the box to apply the same centring and targeting errors for all measurements. Clear the box to use the centring and targeting errors assigned to the measurement.
Total Stations Horizontal Centring Error	Type the uncertainty in centring the instrument over the mark.
Total Stations Vertical Centring Error	Type the uncertainty in measuring the height of the instrument.
Total Stations Horizontal Targeting Error	Type the uncertainty in centring the target over the mark.
Total Stations Vertical Centring Error	Type the uncertainty in measuring the height of the target.
GNSS Horizontal Centring Error	Type the uncertainty in centring the base receiver over the mark.
GNSS Vertical Centring Error	Type the uncertainty in measuring the height of the base receiver.
GNSS Horizontal Targeting Error	Type the uncertainty in centring the roving receiver over the mark.
GNSS Vertical Centring Error	Type the uncertainty in measuring the height of the roving receiver.
Apply Defaults	Apply the default settings to all measurements.

GNSS Variance Scaling	Description
Use Global Values	Select the box to apply the same variance scale factor to all GNSS baseline standard deviations. Clear the box to use the variance scale factor specified for individual measurements.
Variance Scale Factor	The scale factor to apply to GNSS baseline standard deviations. Note: A scale factor of 1.0 indicates the estimated errors are pessimistic and correspond well to the observation errors. Apply a scale factor other than 1.0 if error estimates are optimistic. The rigorous sigma zero value can be used to scale the GNSS a-priori errors however ensure outliers have been investigated and their are no significant blunders in the measurements.
Apply Defaults	Select to apply the system default Variance Scale Factor (1.0) to all GNSS measurements.

Levelling	Description
Apply Staff Correction	Select the box to apply an expansion correction to the staff.
Allowable Misclosure	Type a value in mm that represents the allowable error per √kilometres. This check is performed when all observations include a distance.
Allowable Error per Setup	Type a value in mm representing the allowable change between the measured and adjusted height difference. Note: Height differences are computed between the backsight and foresight measurements at each station. This value is also used to compute the allowable misclosure for the level run when distances have not been observed.
Allowable Distance Balance	Type a value in the current linear units which is the maximum difference between the sum of the backsights and foresight distances.

The following settings are used to provide warning messages when suspect heights are detected.

Measurement Validation	Description
Significance Factors	Use to detect blunders in total station measurements to stations. Directions - Type the multiplying factor to be applied to the standard deviation computed for directions. Distances - Type the multiplying factor to be applied to the standard deviation computed for distances. Height Differences - Type the multiplying factor for the standard deviation computed for heights.
Instrument Height	Minimum - Type the minimum acceptable instrument height. Maximum - Type the maximum acceptable instrument height. Note: A warning is reported when instrument heights are not within the specified range.
Target Height	Minimum - Type the minimum acceptable target height. Maximum - Type the maximum acceptable target height. Note: A warning is reported when target heights are not within the specified range.

The following settings are used to determine what items appear in the Process Measurements Report.

Reporting	Description
Station Standard Deviation	Display the standard deviation for easting, northing and height.
Station Uncertainty	Display the horizontal and vertical positional uncertainty (95% confidence). Includes error ellipse details
Station Corrections	Display the difference between the original station coordinates and the adjusted station coordinates. Note: Displays the bearing and horizontal distance, zenith angle and slope distance and difference in easting, northing and height.
Station Measurement Summary	Display the number of directions, vertical angles, distances and GNSS Baselines to each target station.
Measurements	Display information about the raw measurements.
Height Checks	Display height checks on measurements against a priori coordinates. Use this to detect instrument and target height errors. Note: Displays the measured and computed height difference. A bullet displays in the Outlier column if the absolute difference is greater than the configured significance factor multiplied by the standard deviation computed for the height difference. Click the column headers to sort the values.
Averaged Measurements	Display duplicated measurements for each setup that have been averaged prior to the adjustment computations. Use this to detect pointing errors. Note: Setups must have multiple measurements to the same point. The measurements must be included in a network adjustment to display in the averaged measurements report. Displays the measured and averaged measurement and the difference between the two Click the Difference column to sort measurements by the largest difference. Larger differences indicate a gross error in one of the measurements.
Adjusted Measurements	Display statistical information about the adjusted measurements.
Resection Residuals	Display the residuals from resection computation.
Station Measurement Differences	Display the difference between the original coordinate computed for the station and any additional measurements between the same stations.
Levelling Plot	Select the box to display a plot of the processed level runs.

The following settings are used to determine what messages display in the Process Measurements Report.

Messages	Description
Suspect Instrument Heights	Display messages about suspect instrument heights when detected.
Suspect Target Heights	Display messages about suspect target heights when detected.
Suspect Targets	Display messages about suspect targets when detected.

The following settings are used to control reprocessing of feature codes.

Coding	Description
Layer Lookup	Select a layer lookup table to use during processing of codes to match measurement codes to local layers. A blank selection for a lookup table indicates that no lookup will be performed.
Process Feature Codes	Select to process measurement codes.

Notes

Apply Defaults will override any other settings and apply the system values.
If the solution does not converge before the maximum number of iterations is reached then the adjustment will fail.
When performing a 2D network adjustment on GNSS and/or terrestrial observations, ensure the Level adjustment method is set to 'None'. To include level data in an adjustment with GNSS and/or terrestrial observations, set both Level and Total Station and GNSS to 'Network (3D)'.